Observational studies have recently received significant attention from the machine learning community due to the increasingly available non-experimental observational data and the limitations of the experimental studies, such as considerable cost, impracticality, small and less representative sample sizes, etc. In observational studies, de-confounding is a fundamental problem of individualised treatment effects (ITE) estimation. This paper proposes disentangled representations with adversarial training to selectively balance the confounders in the binary treatment setting for the ITE estimation. The adversarial training of treatment policy selectively encourages treatment-agnostic balanced representations for the confounders and helps to estimate the ITE in the observational studies via counterfactual inference. Empirical results on synthetic and real-world datasets, with varying degrees of confounding, prove that our proposed approach improves the state-of-the-art methods in achieving lower error in the ITE estimation.

在电子健康记录（EHRS）中，不规则的时间序列（ITS）自然发生，这是由于患者健康动态而自然发生，这是由于医院不规则的探访，疾病/状况以及每次访问时测量不同生命迹象的必要性。其目前的培训挑战机器学习算法主要建立在相干固定尺寸特征空间的假设上。在本文中，我们提出了一种新型的连续患者状态感知器模型，称为铜，以应对其在EHR中。铜使用感知器模型和神经普通微分方程（ODE）的概念来学习患者状态的连续时间动态，即输入空间的连续性和输出空间的连续性。神经ODES可以帮助铜生成常规的时间序列，以进食感知器模型，该模型具有处理多模式大规模输入的能力。为了评估所提出的模型的性能，我们在模仿III数据集上使用院内死亡率预测任务，并仔细设计实验来研究不规则性。将结果与证明所提出模型的功效的基准进行了比较。

ML-AS-A-Service继续增长，对非常强大的隐私保证的需求也在继续增长。安全推断已成为潜在的解决方案，其中加密原始图允许推理不向用户向用户揭示用户的输入或模型的权重。例如，模型提供商可以是一家诊断公司，该公司已经培训了一种最先进的Densenet-121模型来解释胸部X射线，并且用户可以在医院成为患者。尽管对于这种环境，确保推理原则上是可行的，但没有现有的技术使其大规模实用。 Cryptflow2框架提供了一种潜在的解决方案，其能力自动，正确地将清晰文本推理转换为安全模型的推断。但是，从Cryptflow2产生的安全推断在不切实际上很昂贵：在Densenet-121上解释单个X射线需要几乎3TB的通信。在本文中，我们解决了针对三项贡献的安全推断效率低下的重大挑战。首先，我们证明安全推理中的主要瓶颈是大型线性层，可以通过选择网络骨干的选择来优化，并使用用于有效的清晰文本推理开发的操作员。这一发现和强调与许多最近的作品偏离，这些作品着重于在执行较小网络的安全推断时优化非线性激活层。其次，基于对瓶颈卷积层的分析，我们设计了一个更有效的倒入替代品的X操作器。第三，我们表明，快速的Winograd卷积算法进一步提高了安全推断的效率。结合使用，这三个优化被证明对在CHEXPERT数据集中训练的X射线解释问题非常有效。

紧固件在确保机械的各个部位方面起着至关重要的作用。紧固件表面的凹痕，裂缝和划痕等变形是由材料特性和生产过程中设备的错误处理引起的。结果，需要质量控制以确保安全可靠的操作。现有的缺陷检查方法依赖于手动检查，该检查消耗了大量时间，金钱和其他资源；同样，由于人为错误，无法保证准确性。自动缺陷检测系统已证明对缺陷分析的手动检查技术有影响。但是，诸如卷积神经网络（CNN）和基于深度学习的方法之类的计算技术是进化方法。通过仔细选择设计参数值，可以实现CNN的全部电势。使用基于Taguchi的实验和分析设计，已经尝试在本研究中开发强大的自动系统。用于训练系统的数据集是为具有两个标记类别的M14尺寸螺母手动创建的：有缺陷且无缺陷。数据集中共有264张图像。所提出的顺序CNN的验证精度为96.3％，在0.001学习率下的验证损失为0.277。

今天，AI社区沉迷于“最先进的”分数（神经潜逃中的80％论文）作为主要的性能指标，因为哪个重要参数，即环境指标，仍然没有报告。计算能力是十年前的限制因素;然而，在可预见的未来环境中，挑战将是开发环境友好型和高效的算法。人类大脑已经优化了近一百万年，消耗了与典型的笔记本电脑相同的功率。因此，开发自然启发算法是一种解决方案。在这项研究中，我们表明目前使用的Ann是我们在自然界中找到的，虽然具有较低的性能，但尖叫哺乳动物视觉皮质的神经网络引起了很多兴趣。我们进一步突出了限制研究人员的硬件差距，从大规模使用基于尖峰的计算来开发神经形态节能微芯片。使用神经形态处理器而不是传统的GPU可能更加环保和高效。这些处理器将SNN转为问题的理想解决方案。本文介绍了深入的关注，突出了目前的差距，缺乏比较研究，同时提出了两个领域的新研究方向 - 神经科学和深度学习。此外，我们为报告AI模型的碳足迹来定义新的评估度量“性质”。

持续的学习方法通​​过试图解决灾难性遗忘来帮助深度神经网络模型适应和逐步学习。但是，无论这些现有方法是否传统上应用于基于图像的任务，都具有与移动或嵌入式传感系统生成的顺序时间序列数据相同的疗效仍然是一个未解决的问题。为了解决这一空白，我们进行了第一项全面的经验研究，该研究量化了三个主要的持续学习方案的性能（即，在三个移动和嵌入式感应应用程序中的六个数据集中的三个主要的持续学习方案（即正规化，重播和重播）的性能。不同的学习复杂性。更具体地说，我们在Edge设备上实现了端到端连续学习框架。然后，我们研究了不同持续学习方法的性能，存储，计算成本和记忆足迹之间的普遍性，权衡。我们的发现表明，以示例性计划（例如ICARL）重播，即使在复杂的场景中，甚至在复杂的场景中都具有最佳的性能权衡，以牺牲一些存储空间（少数MB）来训练示例（1％至5％）。我们还首次证明，以有限的记忆预算进行连续学习，可行和实用。特别是，两种类型的移动设备和嵌入式设备的延迟表明，可以接受递增的学习时间（几秒钟-4分钟）和培训时间（1-75分钟），可以接受，因为嵌入式嵌入式时可能会在设备上进行培训设备正在充电，从而确保完整的数据隐私。最后，我们为希望将不断学习范式应用于移动传感任务的从业者提供了一些准则。

Quadruped robots are currently used in industrial robotics as mechanical aid to automate several routine tasks. However, presently, the usage of such a robot in a domestic setting is still very much a part of the research. This paper discusses the understanding and virtual simulation of such a robot capable of detecting and understanding human emotions, generating its gait, and responding via sounds and expression on a screen. To this end, we use a combination of reinforcement learning and software engineering concepts to simulate a quadruped robot that can understand emotions, navigate through various terrains and detect sound sources, and respond to emotions using audio-visual feedback. This paper aims to establish the framework of simulating a quadruped robot that is emotionally intelligent and can primarily respond to audio-visual stimuli using motor or audio response. The emotion detection from the speech was not as performant as ERANNs or Zeta Policy learning, still managing an accuracy of 63.5%. The video emotion detection system produced results that are almost at par with the state of the art, with an accuracy of 99.66%. Due to its "on-policy" learning process, the PPO algorithm was extremely rapid to learn, allowing the simulated dog to demonstrate a remarkably seamless gait across the different cadences and variations. This enabled the quadruped robot to respond to generated stimuli, allowing us to conclude that it functions as predicted and satisfies the aim of this work.

Searching long egocentric videos with natural language queries (NLQ) has compelling applications in augmented reality and robotics, where a fluid index into everything that a person (agent) has seen before could augment human memory and surface relevant information on demand. However, the structured nature of the learning problem (free-form text query inputs, localized video temporal window outputs) and its needle-in-a-haystack nature makes it both technically challenging and expensive to supervise. We introduce Narrations-as-Queries (NaQ), a data augmentation strategy that transforms standard video-text narrations into training data for a video query localization model. Validating our idea on the Ego4D benchmark, we find it has tremendous impact in practice. NaQ improves multiple top models by substantial margins (even doubling their accuracy), and yields the very best results to date on the Ego4D NLQ challenge, soundly outperforming all challenge winners in the CVPR and ECCV 2022 competitions and topping the current public leaderboard. Beyond achieving the state-of-the-art for NLQ, we also demonstrate unique properties of our approach such as gains on long-tail object queries, and the ability to perform zero-shot and few-shot NLQ.

Machine Translation (MT) system generally aims at automatic representation of source language into target language retaining the originality of context using various Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Among various NLP methods, Statistical Machine Translation(SMT). SMT uses probabilistic and statistical techniques to analyze information and conversion. This paper canvasses about the development of bilingual SMT models for translating English to fifteen low-resource Indian Languages (ILs) and vice versa. At the outset, all 15 languages are briefed with a short description related to our experimental need. Further, a detailed analysis of Samanantar and OPUS dataset for model building, along with standard benchmark dataset (Flores-200) for fine-tuning and testing, is done as a part of our experiment. Different preprocessing approaches are proposed in this paper to handle the noise of the dataset. To create the system, MOSES open-source SMT toolkit is explored. Distance reordering is utilized with the aim to understand the rules of grammar and context-dependent adjustments through a phrase reordering categorization framework. In our experiment, the quality of the translation is evaluated using standard metrics such as BLEU, METEOR, and RIBES

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.